Sequential SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Induces Anti-Idiotype (Anti-ACE2) Antibodies in K18 Human ACE2 Transgenic Mice

Background/Objectives: Novel mRNA vaccines have been successfully utilized to curtail the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.However, the immunology underlying CoV2 vaccinations, particularly with repeated boosting, has not been properly characterized due to limitations in the preclinical modeling of SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccinations as well as constantly changin

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Therapeutic Potential of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in Acute Organ Injury, Critical Illness, and Inflammatory Disorders

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress protein that Firewire catalyzes the oxidative conversion of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin (BV), the latter of which is converted to bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase.HO-1 has been implicated as a cytoprotectant in various models of acute organ injury and disease (i.e., lung, k

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